Genesis chapters 5 and 11 provides an interesting genealogy from Adam to Abraham.
I’ve heard a number of people make comments along the lines of “this list isn’t literal. The word ‘begat’ can mean ‘father to son’ just as easily as it can mean ‘father to great-grandson’. ‘Begat’ simply means that Person A is an ancestor of Person B. Therefore, this genealogy simply presents a list of notable people.” So the conclusion is made that it’s not ten generations, but rather 100, or even 1,000 generation – or more. Fair enough – I’m curious as to what would motivate a person at least 4,000 years removed from Genesis 11 to insist that Moses wasn’t being literal, but that’s a blog for another day. (By the way, be sure to check out the Male Population of Genesis page for more of the same.)
But the genealogy in Genesis 5 and 11 is quite different from other genealogies in the Bible: these are the only two Biblical genealogies where years are given for the age of paternity (eg When Adam had lived 130 years, he fathered a son in his own likeness, after his image, and named him Seth. Gen 5:3, ESV). So while people may insist there are more names in the genealogy, they cannot insist that there are more years in the genealogy or they make Moses out to be a liar. Not only was Moses quite specific when he wrote out the the age of Person A when Person B was born, but he was also under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. There can be no wiggle room. Either Moses (and the Holy Spirit) is right, or he is wrong. We can say “wellll.. ‘begat’ really means ‘ancestor’”, but we cannot say “wellll.. age X really means age Y”.
So what do we see if we list the ages as Moses gave them?
| Person | Gen | Age of Paternity |
Age of Death |
AM* | Death Year |
Years After First Son |
Birth Year After Flood |
AD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adam | 1 | 130 | 930 | 1 | 930 | 800 | -1656 | 4114 |
| Seth | 2 | 105 | 912 | 130 | 1042 | 807 | -1526 | 3984 |
| Enos | 3 | 90 | 905 | 235 | 1140 | 815 | -1421 | 3879 |
| Cainan | 4 | 70 | 917 | 325 | 1242 | 847 | -1331 | 3789 |
| Mahalalel | 5 | 65 | 895 | 395 | 1290 | 830 | -1261 | 3719 |
| Jared | 6 | 162 | 962 | 460 | 1422 | 800 | -1196 | 3654 |
| Enoch | 7 | 65 | 365 | 622 | 987 | 300 | -1034 | 3492 |
| Methuselah | 8 | 187 | 969 | 687 | 1656 | 782 | -969 | 3427 |
| Lamech | 9 | 182 | 777 | 874 | 1651 | 595 | -782 | 3240 |
| Noah | 10 | 502 | 950 | 1056 | 2006 | 448 | -600 | 3058 |
| Shem | 11 | 100 | 600 | 1558 | 2158 | 500 | -98 | 2556 |
| Arpachshad | 12 | 35 | 438 | 1658 | 2096 | 403 | 2 | 2456 |
| Salah | 13 | 30 | 433 | 1693 | 2126 | 403 | 37 | 2421 |
| Eber | 14 | 34 | 464 | 1723 | 2187 | 430 | 67 | 2391 |
| Peleg | 15 | 30 | 239 | 1757 | 1996 | 209 | 101 | 2357 |
| Reu | 16 | 32 | 239 | 1787 | 2026 | 207 | 131 | 2327 |
| Serug | 17 | 30 | 230 | 1819 | 2049 | 200 | 163 | 2295 |
| Nahor | 18 | 29 | 148 | 1849 | 1997 | 119 | 193 | 2265 |
| Terah | 19 | 70 | 205 | 1878 | 2083 | 135 | 222 | 2236 |
| Abram | 20 | 86 | 175 | 1948 | 2123 | 89 | 292 | 2166 |
| Ishmael | 21 | ? | 137 | 2034 | 2171 | 137 | 378 | 2080 |
*AM = Anno Mundi - In the Year of the World
While the Genesis 5 & 11 doesn’t provide the AM, Death Year, Flood Year and AD, it does provide enough specifics to calculate these with some accuracy. One can debate whether the Bible accurately reflects world history, but what’s not debatable is that from Genesis to Revelation, with only one exception, the genealogy is consistent both with respect to people and dates. (The only discrepancy with any of these dates comes from Luke’s genealogy (Luke 3:36) where, like the Septuagint, he inserts an extra person, Canin, between Arpachshad and Salah. There are several suggestions used to resolve this discrepancy while staying true to the infallibility of Scripture. The most prominent view is that Luke wrote it correctly and subsequent well-meaning scribes used the Septuagint as a guide to revise Luke’s genealogy. Other views suggest that the meaning of the word Canin is akin to a surname to be used with another name and not a person. But that’s a blog for another day.)
Graphical View
This chart helps visualize a few things that might be missed in a cursory overview of the genealogy:
- There are 10 people from Adam to Noah (the flood) and, likewise, 10 people from Shem to Abraham. This symmetry might be an excellent reason for concluding that Moses is simply using a mnemonic device and not giving literal time lines. However his use of lifespans and paternal ages is still an issue that we can’t skirt, and I maintain that this is an excellent reason to insist that Moses intends to be literal.
- The flood takes place about 1,656 years after creation. To get an idea of the population of the world after 10 generations, see this link. Bear in mind that in an agrarian culture, with plenty of fertile land and natural resources, a relatively clean gene pool so the more kids a couple has, the better off they are, and there would be little incentive to not produce many children. Furthermore, pre-flood humans lived about 10x longer than we do today. If today’s females can give birth up to about 35 years of age, it’s safe to assume they could do so up to about 350 years back then. So if they birthed 1 child every 7 years, each couple would have 50 children. If that sounds outlandish, bear in mind that Josephus wrote that Adam had 33 sons and 23 daughters. No, Josephus isn’t inspired, but in light of this reasoning, his statement isn’t as outlandish as it might sound. If 50 children per couple was anything close to the norm, then the “10 sons” column on the Generations page presents woefully low numbers.
- Lifespans after the flood are dramatically shorter than lifespans before the flood. So much so that Shem, son of Noah, outlived Abraham. If this listing is literal, there’s no reason to believe that Abraham did not personally know Shem. Some people suggest that Melchizedek, king of Salem, was actually Shem.
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